Internet
Fact-checked

At WiseGEEK, we're committed to delivering accurate, trustworthy information. Our expert-authored content is rigorously fact-checked and sourced from credible authorities. Discover how we uphold the highest standards in providing you with reliable knowledge.

Learn more...

What are the Different Kinds of Thermal Grease?

R. Kayne
R. Kayne

Thermal grease is applied to the surface of a central processing unit (CPU), the main chip of a computer, before attaching a heat sink. A heat sink helps lower the temperature of the chip by dispersing heat. The grease creates maximum surface-to-surface conductivity to draw heat away from the CPU and into the heat sink. Without it, imperfections in the surface of the CPU wafer and heat sink would allow air gaps, reducing the effectiveness of the heat sink, leading to overheating, errors, and possible failure.

There are different types of thermal grease, each with its own level of thermal conductivity. People who put an extra workload on the CPU, such as gamers and overclockers, might be more interested in getting a highly efficient compound.

Thermal tape is the least messy and least expensive of interfaces; however, it also the least effective. It is not recommended for most computers.

Thermal grease is applied to a central processing unit (CPU) to conduct heat away from the chip.
Thermal grease is applied to a central processing unit (CPU) to conduct heat away from the chip.

Thermal grease pads are often included in retail CPU packages that include a heat sink and fan. The pad is commonly gray-colored with protective wrapping that should not be touched or smeared once the wrapping is removed. It melts with heat, conforming to the surfaces of the CPU and heat sink, then stiffens when cool. The pads are sufficient solutions but not considered outstanding. Anyone who is considering replacing the thermal compound in the CPU should read the computer's warranty. Some manufacturers require customers to use the provided materials to keep the CPU warranty from being voided.

Silicon and zinc-based grease is a white paste that usually comes in a tube. It is not heat conductive itself, but does fill potential gaps between the surfaces, providing a satisfactory interface.

A heat sink is attached to the CPU and disperses heat conducted by the thermal grease underneath it.
A heat sink is attached to the CPU and disperses heat conducted by the thermal grease underneath it.

Ceramic-based thermal compounds include particles of materials such as aluminum oxide. Though ceramic paste is normally considered mid-grade, one popular brand has outperformed silver-based greases in several independent tests. This formula contains 5 sub-micron particle shapes to better fill the microscopic valleys in the CPU chip for greater thermal transfer. Maximum performance is reached after several cycles of normal use — using the system as needed, and then turning it off to cool. Once this period is completed, the computer can be left on all the time if the user wants to do so. The advantage of ceramic thermal grease over silver-based grease is that ceramic grease is not electrically conductive.

A computer motherboard.
A computer motherboard.

Silver-based thermal grease contains highly conductive metal particles. It is excellent for conducting heat but can also conduct electricity. If accidentally applied to CPU pins or motherboard circuitry, it can cause an electrical short, so caution is advised when applying metal-based compounds. Used correctly, however, it is generally considered one of the best thermal compound options.

Regardless of the type of thermal grease used, users should follow the manufacturer’s directions carefully. Different types should not be mixed. Whenever a heat sink is removed from a CPU, both surfaces must be thoroughly cleaned and new grease applied before the parts are reinstalled. Rubbing alcohol can be used to safely remove most thermal compounds.

Discussion Comments

anon1000026

Make a small thin cross on top of DIE (X) with ceramique -1-2- ,

Before that clean die and heat-sink surfaces carefully with isopropyl alco wipes if available. must be dust free both of them!

oil from fingerprints can damage CPU/GPU die but not immediately

Why use ceramique? its White substance paste that does not dry and cure like other brands, which in turn allows you to have perfect heat transfer for more than 2+ years also its non conductive. you will be left cleaning only fan /grill dust in order to restore functionality of fan based cooling systems. best for portable computers and heavy load machines. (experience 15 years)

ElevenEleven

anon344460

@eddieready2: Yes you can use thermal pads, but if you use ceramique, it is not conductive and is not runny.

anon332728

Arctic silver 5 seems to work great. I'm going to try some Antec thermal material.

anon295365

@eddieready2: The thermal paste is not so much a liquid as it is more an putty like paste, so not to worry.

Attaboyslim

@eddieready2: Trust me when I say you will destroy a few systems along the way while learning. I began seven years back after buying a used computer from a "trustworthy" person and the system never fully functioned. My commitment was to learn how they work and never again to find myself 'stuck'.

I began collecting other people's computers that were being tossed and often found them sitting on the side of the road waiting for the garbage man. Soon, I had many parts that I could practice on and one day was using multiple systems, and my FrankenComputer actually started up and functioned. Don't get me wrong. I have an extensive computer graveyard, but I normally never need to ask for help.

On this topic, I am trying to save what little money I have and wondered if there was some sort of substitution that could be used instead of specific CPU Thermal Compound. Just asking and good luck on your venture. Oh. also be aware that you will quickly become very popular as long as you will repair a few "small" computer problems.

eddieready2

The idea of building my own computer is somewhat fascinating to me but having to apply some liquid (heat sink) is kind of scary to me. Is there some way to bypass having to apply this - such as purchasing a component that already has this on it? Help!!

Post your comments
Login:
Forgot password?
Register:
    • Thermal grease is applied to a central processing unit (CPU) to conduct heat away from the chip.
      By: markd800
      Thermal grease is applied to a central processing unit (CPU) to conduct heat away from the chip.
    • A heat sink is attached to the CPU and disperses heat conducted by the thermal grease underneath it.
      By: Luminis
      A heat sink is attached to the CPU and disperses heat conducted by the thermal grease underneath it.
    • A computer motherboard.
      By: VIA Gallery
      A computer motherboard.