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What is the Conus Medullaris?

Katriena Knights
Katriena Knights

The conus medullaris is the technical name for the lower end of the spinal cord. Originating at the base of the brain, this thick bundle of nerve tissue passes through the center of the spinal column, penetrating the vertebrae, which protect it from damage. At its terminal end, at the lumbar spine in the lower back, the spinal cord tapers into a cone shape and then into a narrow bundle of fibrous tissue called the filum terminale, which means "terminal thread." This fibrous tissue helps support the spinal cord.

Surrounding the filum terminale is the cauda equina, a group of nerve roots that dangles from the conus medullaris. These nerve roots are referred to collectively as the cauda equina because they dangle much like a horse's tail. From the nerve roots of the cauda equina spring nerves that control the lower body, including the bladder, genitals, legs and feet, making the cauda equina the link between the central nervous system of the brain and spinal cord and the peripheral nervous system of the lower body.

A cross section of the human spinal cord.
A cross section of the human spinal cord.

Damage to this part of the spinal cord leads to a collection of symptoms known as conus medullaris syndrome. Common symptoms include pain in the lower back; numbness in the inner thighs, groin, legs or feet; difficulty walking; weakness in the legs; lack of bladder control; rectal incontinence; and impotence. This condition usually occurs because of compression of this portion of the cord. Compression can occur because of a tumor or hematoma, narrowing of the lumbar vertebra, a spinal cord injury or inflammation of the spinal cord from infection. Other much less common causes include congenital problems that cause the conus medullaris to be malformed, multiple sclerosis or deep vein thrombosis in the veins that serve the spinal cord.

Damage to the conus medullaris may cause pain in the lower back.
Damage to the conus medullaris may cause pain in the lower back.

Treatment for conus medullaris syndrome differs based on the underlying cause. If the area is compressed by a tumor or hematoma, removing the object causing the compression will ease the symptoms. This could be accomplished through surgery, medication or even radiation therapy, depending on what the foreign body is. An infection that causes swelling might be treated with antibiotics. Some treatments for inflammation might include corticosteroid injections, and congenital problems are most likely to be addressed through surgery.

Conus medullaris is the is the technical name for the lower end of the spinal cord.
Conus medullaris is the is the technical name for the lower end of the spinal cord.

Problems caused by a spinal cord injury are the most difficult to treat. Immobilizing the spine is crucial immediately after the injury, and surgery likely will be necessary to stabilize the spinal cord. Rehabilitation and physical therapy are common after this type of injury and vital to achieving the highest possible level of recovery.

Discussion Comments

vogueknit17

I have been told many times that for any sort of spinal or back injury, it is best to try any sort of treatment option before getting back surgery. Because back surgery can have many complications, can have a long recovery time, and might still not fix every problem, things like therapy or chiropractic care, for example, are better options to try first.

FernValley

Back pain and other related pains should be treated early, because the development of spinal injuries or pains can be much less easy to stop than to prevent. Things like a conus medullaris injury can usually be treated, but some problems are more complicated.

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    • A cross section of the human spinal cord.
      By: Alexandr Mitiuc
      A cross section of the human spinal cord.
    • Damage to the conus medullaris may cause pain in the lower back.
      By: apops
      Damage to the conus medullaris may cause pain in the lower back.
    • Conus medullaris is the is the technical name for the lower end of the spinal cord.
      By: freshidea
      Conus medullaris is the is the technical name for the lower end of the spinal cord.
    • Conus medullaris syndrome may cause difficulty walking as well as numbness and weakness in the legs.
      By: manaemedia
      Conus medullaris syndrome may cause difficulty walking as well as numbness and weakness in the legs.
    • The conus medullaris originates at the base of the brain and extends to the lower end of the spinal cord.
      By: nerthuz
      The conus medullaris originates at the base of the brain and extends to the lower end of the spinal cord.