What is a Network Operating System?

A Network Operating System (NOS) is a software program that controls other software and hardware running on a network. It also allows multiple computers, known as network computers, to communicate with one central hub and each other to share resources, run applications, and send messages. Such a system can consist of a wireless network, Local Area Network (LAN), or even two or three computer networks connected together. Administrators running these networks typically have training in different network operating systems.

Networks usually consist of multiple computers connected to each other through a central hub or router. This central hub, in turn, may be connected to a larger, main computer. Networks can also include other devices like printers, data backup systems, and central storage facilities. The main network computer monitors all the connected machines with the help of the network operating system software.

A network operating system often has a menu-based administration interface. From this interface, a network administrator can perform a variety of activities. He or she uses the interface to format hard drives, set up security permissions, and establish log-in information for each user. An administrator can also use the interface of a network operating system to identify shared printers and configure the system to automatically back up data on a scheduled basis.

One important component of a network is the file server. A file server is a device that stores data for use by various network computers. It can be a single computer or a cluster of external hard drives hooked up in series to store data. A network operating system helps manage the flow of information between the file server and network computers.

Network administrators install and manage network hardware and operating systems. They can even configure a network operating system to recognize multiple networks as part of one larger system. More than one administrator may be necessary for such groups, as they can become quite large and complex.

There are a number of operating systems available, and each NOS runs differently. This means an administrator needs to know how to configure each network operating system properly to meet the needs of a client or employer. Network administrators often receive certification with specific types of NOS, to indicate that they can effectively manage these systems.

A network operating system can usually oversee two major types of networks: peer-to-peer and client/server. In a peer-to-peer system, a centralized NOS may not even be necessary as a secondary program directs the flow of information between each peer. Client/server networks more commonly require a NOS to organize data transfers and manage availability of information. Many administrators prefer this type of network for businesses and schools, as it allows greater control and creates a centralized system for permissions and access.